Easily grown average, medium to wet soils in full sun to part shade. River birch is perhaps the most culturally adaptable and heat tolerant of the birches. Prefers moist, acidic, fertile soils including semi-aquatic conditions, but also tolerates drier soils. Consider using soaker hoses and bark mulches to keep the root zones cool and moist. Adapts well to heavy clay soils of Missouri and will tolerate poor drainage.
Avoid pruning in spring when the sap is running. Betula nigra , commonly called river birch, is a vigorous, fast-growing, medium-sized, Missouri native deciduous tree which occurs on floodplains, swampy bottomlands and along streams throughout the State. In cultivation, it can be trained as either a single trunk or multi-trunked tree.
As a single trunk tree, it develops a pyramidal habit when young, but matures to a more rounded shape typically growing ' tall. Multi-trunked trees form a more irregular crown and are generally considered to be the superior growth habit for this species. Salmon-pink to reddish brown bark exfoliates to reveal lighter inner bark.
Leathery, diamond-shaped, medium to dark green leaves 1. Monoecious flowers appear in drooping, brownish male catkins and smaller, upright, greenish female catkins. Genus name is the Latin name for birch.
Specific epithet means black. One of the most disease-free birches. Most species of birch grow best in cool, northern climates, but do not adapt well to the hot summers of USDA Zones and can be short-lived therein. Control is often unnecessary due to the minimal impact on tree health and the presence of numerous predators that manage aphid populations on birch leaves.
The large sheets of grayish-brown to tan flaking bark exfoliate to expose a tan to creamy-white to salmon-white inner trunk. At maturity, expect a height and width of 30 to 40 feet and 20 to 35 feet, respectively. Discovered in a St. The cinnamon-brown to pale salmon bark is similar to the species. Variegated leaves are green in the center with brushstrokes of light green-yellow to creamy-yellow towards the edges on young leaves, while mature leaves develop white margins.
Occasionally leaves will revert to wholly green and will have to be removed. The outer peeling trunk can be grayish-white to gray-orange, while the inner color is light reddish-brown to tan-brown.
Discovered by John D. The exfoliating trunk and branches expose cinnamon-colored bark. Introduced by Studebaker Nurseries, Inc. Maryann Debski; right, Mark Weathington.
JC Raulston Arboretum. Grayish-white to gray-orange peeling bark reveals golden brown inner bark. Requires partial shade in the southeast. Originated as a seedling of unknown parentage that was discovered by John D. The pendulous form of Summer Cascade weeping river birch provides fall and winter interest.
It grows 30 to 40 feet tall with a 20 to foot spread and develops a broadly pyramidal to oval crown. The dark green leaves turn yellow-gold in the fall. Resistant to leaf spots and is cold- and drought-tolerant. Selected by Carl Whitcomb, Ph. Note: Chemical control of diseases and insects on large trees is usually not feasible since adequate coverage of the foliage with a pesticide cannot be achieved.
This information is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement of brand names or registered trademarks by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of products or manufacturers not named. All recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not apply to other areas. Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the status of registration and use patterns are subject to change by action of state and federal regulatory agencies.
The Kentucky champion tree is in Johnson County and is 80 feet tall. River birch was first cultivated in Although it tends to be a medium-sized tree, one tree in Alabama has grown to feet tall, with a diameter of more than 4 feet. River birch can be used as a screen or shade tree, and as a street tree with irrigation. River birches are attractive when planted in groups, especially against a dark background. River birch seed ripens in May and June.
The ripening of seed coincides with high water levels of rivers, its native setting, allowing the seed to be carried long distances by the water. River birch seed germinates quickly in mud, allowing it to grow in areas where it helps prevent erosion. Thanks to its shallow root system, river birch is easy to transplant. It should be pruned in summer because it bleeds if pruned in spring.
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