Platelets are cells that help the blood to clot and stop bleeding. Factor V deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder wherein people lack the protein coagulation factor V. This prevents the blood from clotting. Symptoms can occur at any age, but most severe cases tend to occur during childhood. Sepsis is an infection that causes a buildup of toxins in the blood or tissues. People with sepsis often develop a cluster of tiny blood spots, resembling pinpricks in the skin petechiae or purple areas purpura.
Without treatment, these may increase in size, join together, and form larger bruises. A poor diet can affect health in a number of negative ways, and vitamin deficiencies can contribute to random bruising. Some deficiencies include vitamin C deficiency and vitamin K deficiency. Required for collagen production, boosting the immune system, and maintaining antioxidant activity, vitamin C is versatile and vital to health. It also eliminates harmful free radicals that can lead to tissue degeneration and random bruising.
The result of extreme vitamin C deficiency is scurvy, which also leads to bleeding gums, fingernail and tooth loss, and heart failure. Meanwhile, vitamin K deficiency can contribute to significant bleeding, poor bone development, and cardiovascular disease. It is rare in adults, generally occurring in the neonatal period.
However, taking anticoagulants and antibiotics that interfere with vitamin K production may cause deficiencies. When the liver is damaged , it stops producing the proteins required for blood clotting. For example, cirrhosis is the result of continuous long-term damage, and bruising easily is a symptom. However, it should not appear in isolation and may appear alongside fatigue, appetite loss, abdominal pain, and nausea.
A person with kidney disease bruises easily due to a loss of skin elasticity. Medications can also hinder the blood clotting process and inhibit platelet function. Ecchymosis , which occurs when blood leaks from a broken capillary into surrounding tissue, is common and requires a preventive treatment plan. Blood then leaks and becomes trapped under the surface, leaving the telltale mark. If you work out a lot, you might notice random bruising on your legs, primarily in fatty areas that are exposed, like your thighs or buttocks, said Dr.
Besides injury, blood thinners — medications or supplements that slow down or decrease your blood's clotting ability — may be the number one cause for easy bruising, Waldman said. Steroids can lead to thinner skin, so you may notice bruising with just slight trauma. Chemotherapy can lower the number of platelets — the cells that help your blood to clot — in your body, the National Cancer Institute notes.
A low platelet count means a higher risk of bruising. Easy bruising might suggest you lack enough vitamin K , found in leafy green vegetables , broccoli and Brussels sprouts.
A severe lack of vitamin C — or scurvy — could also be the culprit because the vitamin is involved in building the walls of blood vessels, Waldman said. Treating unexplained bruising on your legs may involve treating an underlying condition. If a medication or supplement is causing the bruising, your doctor may have you stop taking it or prescribe an alternative, if possible.
For vitamin deficiencies, treatment may involve replacing that vitamin through diet or injection. In some cases, blood or platelet transfusions may help introduce healthy clotting elements back into your blood.
Applying ice and elevating your leg may help. Bruises will eventually disappear, often changing colors during the healing process. If you want to prevent bruising, particularly if you bruise easily, be sure to follow these tips to avoid injury to your legs:. Many things can cause you or your child to have unexplained bruises on your legs. In other cases, bruising can result from a medication, supplement, or underlying health condition. Bruises are common and usually disappear with time.
Here are 10 easy treatments to lessen the pain and reduce the visibility. Learn about how to get…. A bruise, or contusion, occurs when an area of skin has suffered trauma.
The injury causes blood vessels to burst, trapping blood below the skin's…. You may be eager to minimize the appearance or tenderness of a bruise. These essential oils for bruises are worth a try. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here.
This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. See more conditions. Healthy Lifestyle Healthy aging. Products and services. Easy bruising: Why does it happen If you're experiencing easy bruising, you might have questions about what's causing the problem and what you can do about it. By Mayo Clinic Staff. Thank you for Subscribing Our Housecall e-newsletter will keep you up-to-date on the latest health information.
Please try again. Something went wrong on our side, please try again. Show references Kraut EH. Easy bruising. Accessed Jan. Skin care and aging. National Institute on Aging. Muscle contusion bruise. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Hoffman R, et al.
Clinical approach to the patient with bleeding or bruising.
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