Two other studies documented how the mucosal and seminal immune responses develop in response to HIV infection, and in both cases researchers found useful changes in response to HIV that could possibly be amplified by a vaccine or mimicked by a drug. In the first, researchers studied immune responses in 13 women who became infected with HIV during Caprisa , a study in South Africa designed to establish HIV incidence rates and suggest the right sites and population for the subsequent Caprisa microbicide study.
This is the opposite of what had been expected as IgA is more usually associated with mucosal immune responses. In the women these broadly neutralising antibodies are not induced at potent enough levels to have any effect on their own HIV infection but the results suggest that a systemically-administered vaccine can produce a protective response within the vaginal mucosa, and there might be no need for topical ones.
It has been known since that semen naturally enhances HIV infection. Semen contains proteins called SEVIs Semen-derived Enhancers of Virus Infection , sticky strands that HIV clings to so that is gets delivered efficiently to the dendritic cells that ferry the virus away to the CD4 cells it, in the main, infects.
However all the studies that established this cultured cells with HIV virus in the presence of semen samples from HIV-negative men when, obviously, it is semen from HIV-positive men that infects people. They confirmed that semen is a powerful enhancer of infection. Olesen R et al. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1, early online publication. Mkhize NN et al. Broadly-neutralizing antibody specificities detected in the genital tract of HIV-1 infected women.
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Save Preferences. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. This Issue. Citations View Metrics. Twitter Facebook More LinkedIn. Original Investigation. February 8, Cloyd, PhD. Virus multiplication. Saliva and leukocytes. Cell viability. Statistical analysis. Cell killing by saliva. Interruption of virus multiplication by salivary lysis of infected mononuclear leukocytes. Saliva's hypotonicity kills cells and thereby interrupts virus multiplication.
HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system, which can leave the body vulnerable to infections and diseases. A person can transmit HIV through certain bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, and breast milk. HIV cannot survive in other body fluids, such as saliva, tears, or sweat unless blood containing HIV is also present. This means that people are not at risk of contracting the virus if they kiss someone who has HIV.
This article will debunk the myth that people can contract HIV through kissing. We also discuss how HIV is and is not transmitted.
A person cannot transmit HIV through saliva or kissing. HIV can enter the body through damaged areas in the mucous membranes lining the vagina and the rectum. The mouth also contains mucous membranes, but they do not contain cells that are vulnerable to HIV, such as those present in the vagina and rectum. Saliva contains several proteins and enzymes that serve many different functions, such as beginning the digestion process, assisting in mouth lubrication, and even fighting off germs.
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor SLPI is an enzyme present in saliva, mucus, and seminal fluid. Saliva contains much higher concentrations of SLPI than vaginal and rectal fluids. This may explain why HIV is mostly present in body fluids other than saliva.
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